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Muhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili
Muhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili al-Jizzini, (1334–1385) also known as Shahid Awwal (Arabic: ''ash-Shahid al-Awwal'' الشهيد الأول "The First Martyr"), is the author of Al-Lum'ah ad-Dimashqiya (اللمعةArabic: الدمشقية "The Damascene Glitter") and was one of the greatest Shi'a scholars. Although he is not the first martyr in Islam and not even the first Shia scholar to have become a martyr, he became known as "Shahid Awwal" because he was probably the first Shia scholar of such stature to have been martyred in such a brutal way.
==Life==
Shahid Awal was born in 734 A.H (ca. 1334 ) in Jabal 'Amel. He was a pupil of the pupils of Allamah Hilli, amongst them Allamah's son, Fakhr ul-Muhaqqeqin. The Shi'a schools were banned and almost detoriarated in Jabal 'Amel. When Mohammad bin Makki was 16 years old he ventured to al-Hilla in Iraq where he was certified by Fakhr al-MuHaqqiqin the son of the famous al-Hilli.
By the age 21, he returned to Jabal 'Amel and was already certified to narrate hadiths by many other famous scholars of Shi'a and Sunni doctrines of Najaf, Hebron, Makka, Medina, Quds, Damascus, and Baghdad. He also built good relations with Sultan Ali ibn al-Mu'ayyad (Arabic: علي بن المؤيد) of the Sarbadars.
Al-Amili used taqiyya to establish himself as one of the leading religious scholars of Damascus, using Sunni law to judge Sunnis, while covertly leading the Shia and judging them using Shia law.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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